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Elementary Algebra
The Basics

1
Variables, Symbols, and the Order of Operations

Problem 1

Write the following phrase as an equivalent expression:
The sum of \(4\) and \(1\)

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Claire cc
Claire
Breylor cc
Breylor
Nathan cc
Nathan
Octabio spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 2

Write the following phrase as an equivalent expression:
The difference of \(8\) and \(1\)

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Mrs. Mooney cc
Mrs. Mooney
Breylor cc
Breylor
Nathan cc
Nathan
Claire cc
Claire
Problem 3

Write the following phrase as an equivalent expression:
Twice the sum of \(3\) and \(4\)

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Breylor cc
Breylor
Nathan cc
Nathan
Claire cc
Claire
Problem 4

Write the following phrase as an equivalent expression:
The difference of the product of \(3\) times \(x\) and \(15\)

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Claire cc
Claire
Breylor cc
Breylor
Nathan cc
Nathan
Octabio spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 5

Write the following phrase as an equivalent expression:
The product of \(3\) and the difference of \(x\) and \(15\)

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Mrs. Mooney cc
Mrs. Mooney
Breylor cc
Breylor
Nathan cc
Nathan
Claire cc
Claire
Problem 6

Write the following phrase as an equivalent expression:
The quotient of \(y\) and \(2\)

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Mrs. Mooney cc
Mrs. Mooney
Breylor cc
Breylor
Nathan cc
Nathan
Claire cc
Claire
Problem 7

Evaluate each exponent.

  1. \(5^2\)

  2. \(2^5\)

  3. \(10^3\)

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Gordon cc
Gordon
Preston cc
Preston
Betsy cc
Betsy
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 8

Simplify each expression following the order of operations.

  1. \(5+8\cdot 2\)

  2. \(12\div 4 \cdot 2\)

  3. \(2[5+2(6+3\cdot4)]\)

  4. \(10+12 \div 4 +2 \cdot 3\)

  5. \(2^4+3^3\div 9-4^2\)

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 9

Write an expression for the total amount of caffeine using the chart from Figure \(1\).

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Cynthia cc
Cynthia
CJ cc
CJ
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 10

Find the perimeter and area of the three figures.

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
CJ cc
CJ
Gordon cc
Gordon
Gordon spanish language icon
Gordon

2
The Real Numbers

Problem 1

Label the points on a number line
\(-3.5, -1\displaystyle\frac{1}{4}, \displaystyle\frac{1}{2}, \displaystyle\frac{3}{4}, 2.5\).

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Breylor cc
Breylor
Arielle cc
Arielle
Aaron cc
Aaron
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 2

Which are not counting numbers? \(\bigg\{-3, 0, \displaystyle\frac{1}{2}, 1, 1.5, 3\bigg\}\)

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Katrina cc
Katrina
CJ cc
CJ
Anthony spanish language icon
Anthony
Problem 3

Which are the integers? \(\bigg\{-5, -1.75, 0, \displaystyle\frac{2}{3}, 1, \pi, 3\bigg\}\)

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Katrina cc
Katrina
CJ cc
CJ
Anthony spanish language icon
Anthony
Problem 4

Show why each is rational \(\bigg\{-3, -\displaystyle\frac{2}{3}, 0, 0.333\ldots, 0.75\bigg\}\)

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Katrina
Katrina
CJ cc
CJ
Anthony spanish language icon
Anthony
Problem 5

Reduce \(\dfrac{18}{30}\) to lowest terms.

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Breylor
Breylor
Nathan
Nathan
Claire
Claire
Problem 6

Write each expression without absolute value symbols.

  1. \(\lvert5\rvert\)

  2. \(\lvert-5\rvert\)

  3. \(\left\lvert-\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}\right\rvert\)

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Arielle cc
Arielle
Preston cc
Preston
Betsy cc
Betsy
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 7

Simplify.

  1. \(\lvert8-3\rvert\)

  2. \(\left\lvert3\cdot 2^3+2\cdot 3^2\right\rvert\)

  3. \(\lvert9-2\rvert-\lvert8-6\rvert\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
Arielle cc
Arielle
Problem 8

Give the opposite of each number.

  1. \(5\)

  2. \(-3\)

  3. \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{4}\)

  4. \(-2.3\)

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Arielle cc
Arielle
Betsy cc
Betsy
Aaron cc
Aaron
David spanish language icon
David

3
Addition with Real Numbers

Problem 1

Add \(3+(-4)\).

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Betsy cc
Betsy
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 2

Add \(-3+4\).

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Betsy cc
Betsy
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 3

Add \(-3+(-4)\).

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Betsy cc
Betsy
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 4

Show \(5+7=12\).

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Betsy cc
Betsy
Graham
Graham
Gordon cc
Gordon
Gordon spanish language icon
Gordon
Problem 5

Show \(5+(-7)=-2\).

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Betsy cc
Betsy
Graham
Graham
Gordon cc
Gordon
Gordon spanish language icon
Gordon
Problem 6

Show \(-5+7=2\).

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Betsy cc
Betsy
Graham
Graham
Gordon cc
Gordon
Gordon spanish language icon
Gordon
Problem 7

Show \(-5+(-7)=-12\).

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Betsy cc
Betsy
Graham
Graham
Gordon cc
Gordon
Gordon spanish language icon
Gordon
Problem 8

Add all combinations of positive and negative \(10\) and \(13\).

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Lauren cc
Lauren
Betsy cc
Betsy
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 9

Add all combinations of positive and negative \(12\) and \(17\).

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Lauren cc
Lauren
Betsy cc
Betsy
Graham
Graham
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 10

Add \(-3+2+(-4)\).

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Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 11

Add \(-8+[2+(-5)]+(-1)\).

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Gordon cc
Gordon
Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 12

Simplify \(-10+2(-8+11)+(-4)\).

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Preston cc
Preston
Betsy cc
Betsy
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 13

Write the mathematical expression that is equivalent to the phrase "\(5\) more than the sum of \(-2\) and \(x\)."

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Claire
Claire
Breylor
Breylor
Nathan
Nathan
Problem 14

Find the next two numbers for each sequence.

  1. \(7, 10, 13, \ldots\)

  2. \(9.5, 10, 10.5, \ldots\)

  3. \(5, 0, -5, \ldots\)

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Preston cc
Preston
Betsy cc
Betsy
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia

4
Subtraction of Real Numbers

Problem 1

Subtract all possible combinations of positive and negative \(7\) and \(2\).

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Betsy cc
Betsy
CJ cc
CJ
Anthony spanish language icon
Anthony
Problem 2

Subtract all possible combinations of positive and negative \(8\) and \(13\).

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Jesse cc
Jesse
Betsy cc
Betsy
Preston cc
Preston
Julieta cc spanish language icon
Julieta
Problem 3

Simplify each expression as much as possible.

  1. \(7+(-3)-5\)

  2. \(8-(-2)-6\)

  3. \(-2-(-3+1)-5\)

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Betsy cc
Betsy
CJ cc
CJ
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 4

Simplify \(2\cdot 5-3\cdot 8-4\cdot 9\).

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Betsy cc
Betsy
Preston cc
Preston
Lauren cc
Lauren
Anthony spanish language icon
Anthony
Problem 5

Simplify \(3\cdot2^3-2\cdot4^2\).

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Betsy cc
Betsy
CJ cc
CJ
Anthony spanish language icon
Anthony
Problem 6

Subtract \(7\) from \(-3\).

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Lauren cc
Lauren
Preston cc
Preston
Brooke cc
Brooke
Anthony spanish language icon
Anthony
Problem 7

Subtract \(-5\) from \(2\).

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Betsy cc
Betsy
CJ cc
CJ
Anthony spanish language icon
Anthony
Problem 8

Find the difference of \(9\) and \(2\).

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Lauren cc
Lauren
Preston cc
Preston
Shelby cc
Shelby
Anthony spanish language icon
Anthony
Problem 9

Find the difference of \(3\) and \(-5\).

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Betsy cc
Betsy
CJ cc
CJ
Anthony spanish language icon
Anthony
Problem 10

Write the mathematical expression that is equivalent to the phrase, "\(9\) less than the difference of \(x\) and \(-4\)."

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Claire
Claire
Breylor
Breylor
Nathan
Nathan
Octabio spanish language icon
Octabio

5
Multiplication and Division of Real Numbers

Problem 1

Multiply.

  1. \(3(5)\)

  2. \(3(-5)\)

  3. \(-3(5)\)

  4. \(-3(-5)\)

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CJ cc
CJ
Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 2

Multiply.

\[\begin{aligned} &\text{a.} -8(-3) && \text{b.} -10(-5)&\\ &\text{c.} -4(-7) && \text{d.}\, 5(-7)&\\ &\text{e.} -4(8) && \text{f.} -6(10)\end{aligned}\]

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 3

Simplify.

\[\begin{aligned} &\text{a.} -5(-3)(-4) && \text{b.}\, 4(-3)+6(-5)-10&\\ &\text{c.}\, (-2)^3 && \text{d.} -3(-2)^3-5(-4)^2&\\ &\text{e.}\, 6-4(7-2)\end{aligned}\]

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CJ cc
CJ
Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 4

Divide.

  1. \(\dfrac{6}{2}\)

  2. \(\dfrac{6}{-2}\)

  3. \(\dfrac{-6}{2}\)

  4. \(\dfrac{-6}{-2}\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Octabio spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 5

Divide.

\[\begin{aligned} &\text{a.}\, \displaystyle\frac{12}{6} && \text{b.}\,\displaystyle\frac{12}{-6}& && \text{c.}\,\displaystyle\frac{-12}{6}& && \text{d.}\,\displaystyle\frac{-12}{-6}&\\ &\text{e.}\,\displaystyle\frac{15}{-3} && \text{f.} \,\displaystyle\frac{-40}{-5}& && \text{g.}\,\displaystyle\frac{-14}{2}&\end{aligned}\]

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Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 6

Simplify as much as possible.

  1. \(\displaystyle\frac{-4(5)}{6}\)

  2. \(\displaystyle\frac{30}{-4-5}\)

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 7

Simplify.

  1. \(\displaystyle\frac{2(-3)+4}{12}\)

  2. \(\displaystyle\frac{5(-4)+6(-1)}{2(3)-4(1)}\)

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 8

Simplify.

  1. \(\displaystyle\frac{5^2-3^2}{-5+3}\)

  2. \(\displaystyle\frac{(3+2)^2}{-3^2-2^2}\)

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Preston cc
Preston
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 9

Write the mathematical expression that is equivalent to the phrase, "the quotient of \(2\) and one less than the product of \(x\) and \(y\)."

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Claire
Claire
Breylor
Breylor
Nathan
Nathan
Problem 10

Find the net change in calories using the bar graphs from Figure \(1\) and Figure \(2\).

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CJ cc
CJ
Lauren cc
Lauren
Preston cc
Preston
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 11

Each sequence below is a geometric sequence. Find the next number in each sequence.

  1. \(5, 10, 20, \ldots\)

  2. \(3, -15, 75, \ldots\)

  3. \(8, 4, 2, \ldots\)

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Claire
Claire
Breylor
Breylor
Nathan
Nathan

6
Fractions

Problem 1

Factor \(60\) into the product of primes.

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
CJ cc
CJ
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 2

Factor \(630\) into the product of primes.

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Preston cc
Preston
Betsy cc
Betsy
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 3

Reduce \(\displaystyle\frac{210}{231}\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Betsy cc
Betsy
CJ cc
CJ
Julieta spanish language icon
Julieta
Problem 4

Write \(\displaystyle\frac{3}{4}\) with denominator \(20\).

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Gordon cc
Gordon
Arielle cc
Arielle
Aaron cc
Aaron
Gordon spanish language icon
Gordon
Problem 5

Multiply \(\displaystyle\frac{3}{4}\cdot \displaystyle\frac{5}{7}\)

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Arielle cc
Arielle
Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 6

Multiply \(7\left(\displaystyle\frac{1}{3}\right)\)

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Arielle cc
Arielle
Betsy cc
Betsy
Aaron cc
Aaron
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 7

Multiply \(\left(\displaystyle\frac{2}{3}\right)^3\)

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Arielle cc
Arielle
Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 8

Multiply.

  1. \(-\displaystyle\frac{3}{4}\left(\displaystyle\frac{5}{7}\right)\)

  2. \(-6\left(\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}\right)\)

  3. \(-\displaystyle\frac{2}{3}\left(-\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\right)\)

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Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 9

Give the reciprocal of each number.

  1. \(5\)

  2. \(-2\)

  3. \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)

  4. \(-\dfrac{3}{4}\)

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Claire cc
Claire
Breylor cc
Breylor
Nathan cc
Nathan
Octabio spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 10

Divide.

  1. \(\displaystyle\frac{2}{3}\div \displaystyle\frac{5}{7}\)

  2. \(-\displaystyle\frac{3}{4}\div \displaystyle\frac{7}{9}\)

  3. \(8\div \left( -\displaystyle\frac{4}{5}\right)\)

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CJ cc
CJ
Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 11

Simplify.

  1. \(\displaystyle\frac{3}{8}+\displaystyle\frac{1}{8}\)

  2. \(\displaystyle\frac{a+5}{8}-\displaystyle\frac{3}{8}\)

  3. \(\displaystyle\frac{9}{x}-\displaystyle\frac{3}{x}\)

  4. \(\displaystyle\frac{3}{7}+\displaystyle\frac{2}{7}-\displaystyle\frac{9}{7}\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
CJ cc
CJ
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 12

Find the LCD for the fractions \(\displaystyle\frac{5}{12}\) and \(\displaystyle\frac{7}{18}\).

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Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
Preston cc
Preston
David cc spanish language icon
David
Problem 13

Add: \(\displaystyle\frac{5}{12}+\displaystyle\frac{7}{18}\)

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Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
Preston cc
Preston
David cc spanish language icon
David
Problem 14

Find the LCD for \(\displaystyle\frac{3}{4}\) and \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{6}\).

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Aaron cc
Aaron
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Edwin cc spanish language icon
Edwin
Problem 15

Add: \(\displaystyle\frac{3}{4}+\displaystyle\frac{1}{6}\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Edwin cc spanish language icon
Edwin
Preston cc
Preston
Cynthia cc spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 16

Subtract: \(\displaystyle\frac{7}{15}-\displaystyle\frac{3}{10}\)

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Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Preston cc
Preston
Cynthia cc spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 17

Add: \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{6}+\displaystyle\frac{1}{8}+\displaystyle\frac{1}{4}\)

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Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
Preston cc
Preston
Cynthia cc spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 18

Subtract: \(3-\displaystyle\frac{5}{6}\)

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Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Preston cc
Preston
David cc spanish language icon
David
Problem 19

Find the next number in each sequence

  1. \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}, 0, -\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}, \ldots\)

  2. \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}, 1, \displaystyle\frac{3}{2}, \ldots\)

  3. \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}, \displaystyle\frac{1}{4}, \displaystyle\frac{1}{8}, \ldots\)

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CJ cc
CJ
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
David spanish language icon
David
Problem 20

Mini Lecture
For \(\left\{-3,-2.5,0,1,\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}, \sqrt{15}\right\}\), list all

  1. whole numbers

  2. integers

  3. rational numbers

  4. irrational numbers

  5. real numbers

  6. Reduce \(\frac{525}{735}\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Problem 21

Mini Lecture
Add.

  1. \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{4}+\displaystyle\frac{2}{4}+\displaystyle\frac{3}{4}\)

  2. \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{8}+\displaystyle\frac{3}{4}\)

  3. \(2+\displaystyle\frac{1}{3}\)

  4. \(\displaystyle\frac{17}{30}+\displaystyle\frac{11}{42}\)

  5. \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}+\displaystyle\frac{1}{3}+\displaystyle\frac{1}{4}+\displaystyle\frac{1}{6}\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Preston cc
Preston
Problem 22

Mini Lecture
Combine.

  1. \(\displaystyle\frac{2}{7}+\displaystyle\frac{3}{7}\)

  2. \(\displaystyle\frac{3}{8}+\displaystyle\frac{1}{8}\)

  3. \(\displaystyle\frac{3}{5}-\displaystyle\frac{2}{5}+\displaystyle\frac{9}{5}\)

  4. \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{3}+\displaystyle\frac{5}{6}\)

  5. \(1+\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}\)

  6. \(5+\displaystyle\frac{3}{4}\)

  7. \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{8}+3\)

  8. \(\displaystyle\frac{4}{5}+\displaystyle\frac{2}{3}\)

  9. \(\displaystyle\frac{5}{12}+\displaystyle\frac{7}{18}\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Preston cc
Preston

7
Properties of Real Numbers

Problem 1

Simplify \(5+x+3\)

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Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
Edwin spanish language icon
Edwin
Problem 2

Simplify.

  1. \(4+(5+x)\)

  2. \(-5(2x)\)

  3. \(6(-5y)\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Breylor
Breylor
Nathan
Nathan
Claire
Claire
Problem 3

Simplify.

  1. \(\dfrac{1}{5}(5x)\)

  2. \(-2\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}x\right)\)

  3. \(12\left(\dfrac{2}{3}x\right)\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Claire
Claire
Breylor
Breylor
Nathan
Nathan
Problem 4

Apply the distributive property to each expression, and then simplify the result.

  1. \(2(x+3)\)

  2. \(5(2x-8)\)

  3. \(-5(2x+4y)\)

  4. \(-4(3x-5)-8\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Claire
Claire
Breylor
Breylor
Nathan
Nathan
Problem 5

Apply the distributive property to each expression, and then simplify the result.

  1. \(-\dfrac{1}{3}(2x-6)\)

  2. \(3\left(\dfrac{1}{3}x+5\right)\)

  3. \(a\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)

  4. \(12\left(\dfrac{2}{3}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y\right)\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Claire
Claire
Breylor
Breylor
Nathan
Nathan
Problem 6

Simplify.

  1. \(10\left(\displaystyle\frac{x}{2}\right)\)

  2. \(a\left(\displaystyle\frac{3}{a}-4\right)\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Preston cc
Preston
Molly M. cc
Molly M.
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 7

State the property that justifies each statement

  1. \(x+5=5+x\)

  2. \((2+x)+y=2+(x+y)\)

  3. \(6(x+3)=6x+18\)

  4. \(2+(-2)=0\)

  5. \(3\left(\displaystyle\frac{1}{3}\right)=1\)

  6. \((2+0)+3=2+3\)

  7. \((2+3)+4=3+(2+4)\)

  8. \((x+2)+y=(x+y)+2\)

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Mrs. Mooney cc
Mrs. Mooney
CJ cc
CJ
Cynthia spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 8

Mini Lecture
Apply the associative property.

  1. \((x+2)+7\)

  2. \(9(6y)\)

  3. \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{3}(3x)\)

Apply the distributive property.

  1. \(8(x-2)\)

  2. \(2(3a+7)\)

  3. \(7(x+4)+10\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague