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Applied Calculus
Functions, Limits and Rates of Change

1
Introduction to Functions and Relations

Problem 1

We have two main topics to cover in this course.  To get ready for those two topics we need to review a little algebra.  Then we need to develop some new material with what are called limits.

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Problem 2

Make a table and graph for \(y=7.5x\) for \(0\leq x \leq 40\).

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Betsy cc
Betsy
Preston cc
Preston
Edwin cc spanish language icon
Edwin
Problem 3

State the domain and range for \(y=7.5x\), \(0\leq x \leq 40\).

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Betsy cc
Betsy
Preston cc
Preston
Problem 4

Use the equation \(h=32t-16t^2\) for \(0\leq t \leq 2\) to construct a table to give the height at quarter-second intervals, then graph the function.

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Betsy cc
Betsy
Preston cc
Preston
Edwin cc spanish language icon
Edwin
Problem 5

The table shows the prices of used Ford Mustangs in the local paper. Figure 7 is a scatter diagram of those cars. Why is the data not a function?

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Aaron cc
Aaron
Stefanie cc
Stefanie
CJ cc
CJ
Problem 6

Graph \(x=y^2\)

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Betsy cc
Betsy
CJ cc
CJ
Edwin cc spanish language icon
Edwin
Problem 7

Graph \(y=\displaystyle\frac{1}{x}\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Preston cc
Preston
Edwin cc spanish language icon
Edwin
Problem 8

Graph \(y=\sqrt{x}\) and \(y=\sqrt[3]{x}\)

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Katherine cc
Katherine
Betsy cc
Betsy
CJ cc
CJ
Julieta cc spanish language icon
Julieta
Problem 9

If \(f(x)=7.5x\), find \(f(0)\), \(f(10)\), \(f(20)\).

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Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Betsy cc
Betsy
Octabio cc
Octabio
Edwin cc spanish language icon
Edwin
Problem 10

Is \(f(x)=4x-1\) and \(g(x)=x^2+2\), then find \(f(x)\) and \(g(x)\) when \(x=5\), \(-2\), \(0\), \(z\), \(a\), and \(a+3\).

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Betsy cc
Betsy
Preston cc
Preston
Julieta cc spanish language icon
Julieta
Problem 11

If it takes Lorena \(t\) minutes to run a mile, then her average speed \(s\), in miles per hour, is given by the formula \[s(t)=\frac{60}{t} \text{ for } t>0\] Find \(s(10)\) and \(s(8)\), and then explain what they mean.

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Octabio cc
Octabio
Betsy cc
Betsy
Preston cc
Preston
Gordon cc spanish language icon
Gordon
Problem 12

A balloon has the shape of a sphere with a radius of \(3\) inches. Use the following formulas to find the volume and surface area of the balloon. \[V(r)=\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 \qquad S(r)=4\pi r^2\]

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Octabio
Octabio
Aaron cc
Aaron
Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 13

Mini Lecture
Are these functions?

  1. \(\{(7,-1), (3,-1), (7,4)\}\)

  2. \(\{(4,1), (1,4), (-1,-4)\}\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague

2
Algebra and Composition with Functions

Problem 1

Let \(f(x)=4x-3\), \(g(x)=4x^2-7x+3\), and \(h(x)=x-1\). Find \(f+g\), \(fh\), \(fg\), and \(\dfrac{g}{f}\).

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Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Betsy cc
Betsy
Preston cc
Preston
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 2

Let \(f(x)=4x-3\), \(g(x)=4x^2-7x+3\), and \(h(x)=x-1\). Find \((f+g)(2)\), \((fh)(-1)\), \((fg)(0)\), and \(\left(\dfrac{g}{f}\right)(5)\).

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Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Betsy cc
Betsy
Preston cc
Preston
Edwin cc spanish language icon
Edwin
Problem 3

Use the equation \(x=1300-100p\) to determine the price that should be charged for a weekly revenue of \(\$4000\).

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Logan cc
Logan
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 4

If \(f(x)=x+5\) and \(g(x)=x^2-2x\), find \((f \circ g)(x)\) and \((g \circ f)(x)\)

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Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Betsy cc
Betsy
Preston cc
Preston
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio

3
Slope, Rates of Change, and Linear Functions

Problem 1

Find the slope of \(y=2x-3\)

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Betsy cc
Betsy
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Edwin cc spanish language icon
Edwin
Problem 2

Find the slope through \((-2,1)\) and \((5,-4)\).

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Betsy cc
Betsy
Preston cc
Preston
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Edwin cc spanish language icon
Edwin
Problem 3

Find the slope of the line containing \((3, -1)\) and \((3,\, 4)\)

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Stefanie cc
Stefanie
Betsy cc
Betsy
CJ cc
CJ
Cynthia cc spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 4

Use the function \(h(t)=32t-16t^2\) for \(0\leq t \leq 2\) to find the average rate of change from \(\dfrac{1}{4}\) to \(1\) second.

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 5

Use the function \(V(t)=125\cdot 2^\frac{t}{5}\) for \(t\geq 0\) to find the average rate of change in the value of the painting from \(t=0\) to \(t=10\).

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 6

Use the formula \(S(r)=4\pi r^2\) for \(r\geq 0\) to find the average rate of change for a radius of \(1\) to \(3\) inches.

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 7

If \(f(x)=3x-5\), find \(\dfrac{f(x_2)-f(x_1)}{x_2-x_1}\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 8

If \(f(x)=x^2-4\), find and simplify \(\dfrac{f(x_2)-f(x_1)}{x_2-x_1}\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 9

Find the equation and graph the line with slope \(-\dfrac{4}{3}\) and \(y\)-intercept \(5\).

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Betsy cc
Betsy
Preston cc
Preston
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 10

Give the slope and \(y\)-intercept for the line \(2x-3y=5\)

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Octabio cc
Octabio
Betsy cc
Betsy
Gordon cc
Gordon
Cynthia cc spanish language icon
Cynthia
Problem 11

Graph the linear function \(f(x)=-\dfrac{2}{3}x+2\) using the slope and \(y\)-intercept.

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Octabio cc
Octabio
Stefanie cc
Stefanie
CJ cc
CJ
Edwin cc spanish language icon
Edwin
Problem 12

Find the equation of the line with slope \(-2\) that contains the point \((-4,\,3)\).

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Preston cc
Preston
Betsy cc
Betsy
Edwin cc spanish language icon
Edwin
Problem 13

Find the equation of the line that passes through \((-3,\, 3)\) and \((3, -1)\).

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Betsy cc
Betsy
Preston cc
Preston
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 14

Graph the function defined by \(f(x)=\begin{cases} x+1 & \text{if }\, x\leq 1\\ 3 & \text{if }\, x> 1 \end{cases}\)

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Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Gordon cc
Gordon
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 15

Use the function \( P(x)=\begin{cases} 20x-100 & 0\leq x \leq 150\\ 20x-250 & 150\leq x \leq 350 \end{cases} \) and its graph to find

  1. The domain

  2. The range

  3. \(P(145)\)

  4. \(P(150)\)

  5. \(P(155)\)

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Octabio cc
Octabio
Lauren cc
Lauren
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio

4
Introduction to Limits

Problem 1

An Introduction to Limits

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Problem 2

Find the limit, if it exists, as \(x\) approaches \(2\), of the function \[f(x)=\frac{3x^2-2x-8}{x-2}\]

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 3

Find each limit for the function below \[P(x)= \begin{cases} 20x-100 & 0 \leq x \leq 150 \\ 20x-250 & 150< x \leq 350 \end{cases}\]

  1. \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 145} P(x)\)

  2. \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 150} P(x)\)

  3. \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 155} P(x)\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 4

If \(f(x)=4\), find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 7}f(x)\).

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Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 5

If \(f(x)=3x^2-5x+1\), find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2} f(x)\).

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 6

If \(f(x)=\dfrac{x^2-3}{x+5}\), find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to -2}f(x)\).

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 7

Find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to -1}\left(4x^2-2x+\dfrac{5}{x}\right)\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 8

Find

  1. \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 1}5x^2\)

  2. \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 1}\left[(2x-3)(x^2+1)\right]\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc
Octabio
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 9

Find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to -2}\dfrac{3x-2}{x+1}\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 10

Find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to \frac{1}{5}}(5x-3)^5\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 11

Find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 8} \sqrt[3]{x^2}\)

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Mr. McKeague cc
Mr. McKeague
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 12

Find each limit for the function below: \[f(x)=\frac{1}{(x-3)^2}\]

  1. \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2}f(x)\)

  2. \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 3}f(x)\)

  3. \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 5}f(x)\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Problem 13

Find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to -1}\dfrac{x^2-x-3}{x+1}\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 14

Find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2}\dfrac{x^2-x-2}{x-2}\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 15

Find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{x-4}\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 16

Divide the numerator and denominator of the rational expression by \(x^2\) to help evaluate this limit. \[\lim_{x\to\infty}\frac{5x^2+7x-2}{8x^2-3x+1}\]

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 17

Find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}\dfrac{8x^3+7x-2}{5x^2+3x+11}\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 18

Find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}\dfrac{7x-3}{2x^2+5}\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 19

Each of the following limits result in the indeterminate form \(\frac{\infty}{\infty}\) upon direct substitution. Use the Dominant Term Property to evaluate each one.

  1. \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}\dfrac{3x}{x^2+1}\)

  2. \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}\dfrac{2x+1}{x-3}\)

  3. \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}\dfrac{x^2}{2x-4}\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio

5
Functions and Continuity

Problem 1

Discuss the continuity of the function at \(x=2\).

  1. \(f(x)=\dfrac{x^2-x-2}{x-2}\)

  2. \(g(x)=\begin{cases} \dfrac{x^2-x-2}{x-2} & \text{if } x\neq 2\\ 1 & \text{if } x=2 \end{cases}\)

  3. \(h(x)=\begin{cases} \dfrac{x^2-x-2}{x-2} & \text{if } x\neq 2\\ 3 & \text{if } x=2 \end{cases}\)

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Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 2

Discuss the continuity of the function at \(x=4\).

  1. \(f(x)=\begin{cases} \dfrac{1}{2}x-3 & \text{if } x\leq 4\\ -x+3 & \text{if } x>4 \end{cases}\)

  2. \(g(x)=\begin{cases} -\dfrac{1}{2}x+4 & \text{if } x\leq 4\\ 3x-9 & \text{if } x>4 \end{cases}\)

  3. \(h(x)=\begin{cases} 2x-1 & \text{if } x< 4\\ \dfrac{1}{4}x+5 & \text{if } x>4 \end{cases}\)

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Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 3

Determine the continuity of the function at each of the given points. \(P(x)=\begin{cases} 20x-100 & 0\leq x \leq 150\\ 20x-250 & 150 \leq x \leq 350 \end{cases}\)

  1. \(x=145\)

  2. \(x=150\)

  3. \(x=155\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Lauren cc
Lauren
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 4

Make a statement about the continuity of the function \(A(s)\) at \(s=c\) and give a possible interpretation to the point \(s=c\).

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Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 5

Discuss the continuity of each function over the real numbers. Use interval notation to show where each is continuous.

  1. \(f(x)=x^2+3x-1\)

  2. \(g(x)=\dfrac{x+2}{x^2-7x+12}\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio

6
Average and Instantaneous Rates of Change

Problem 1

For the function \(f(x)=3\sqrt{2x}+1\), find the average rate of change with respect to \(x\) on the interval \([2, 8]\).

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 2

The function relating to the bookstore’s profit \(P\) and selling price \(x\) is
\(P(x)=-x^2+13x-22\) for \(2\leq x \leq 11\)
Find the average rate of change of the profit with respect to the selling price if the selling price changes from \(\$3\) to \(\$6\).

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Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 3

For the function \(f(x)=5x+8\), find the difference quotient \[\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}\]

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 4

For the function \(f(x)=-x^2+13x-22\), find and simplify the difference quotient \[\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}\]

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Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 5

Find the instantaneous rate of change of the function \[f(x)=3x^2+7x-2\]

  1. \(x=1\)

  2. \(x=2\)

  3. \(x=-4\)

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 6

A magazine publisher has determined that the cost \(C\) (in dollars) associated with \(x\) number of half-page articles is given by the function \[C(x)=-5x^2+200x \quad 0\leq x \leq 20\]

  1. If the magazine is currently running \(12\) half-page articles, what is the expected increase in cost if it were to run \(13\)?

  2. If the magazine is currently running \(15\) half-page articles, what is the expected increase in cost if it were to run \(16\)?

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Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio
Problem 7

The distance of the ball above Kendra’s hand is given by the function \[s(t)=32t-16t^2 \quad \text{for} \; 0\leq t\leq2\] Find the instantaneous rate of change for the height at \(t=\displaystyle\frac{1}{4}\) second and \(t=1\) second.

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Mr. Damarest cc
Mr. Damarest
Octabio cc
Octabio
Molly S. cc
Molly S.
Octabio cc spanish language icon
Octabio